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An aging population and medical advances in cosmetic and dermatological treatments have brought an onslaught of people seeking plastic surgery to gain a more youthful and rejuvenated appearance.  Television shows on the subject and celebrities with clear changes to their physical appearance have changed the public's perception of this once very private matter into a subject that is embraced and condoned as a normal part of the "anti-aging" process.
 
General public acceptance of plastic surgery to correct natural aging and to change body features, however, is not as freely accepted by juries asked to award damages for surgeries gone awry.  Having handled these cases over the years, there are common complaints from patients, some which are legitimate and some which represent unreasonable expectations or perceptions of physical appearance or beauty. 
 
The most frequent complaints of failed plastic surgeries we encounter involve breast enlargement and aesthetic facial surgeries of the eyes, lips and chin.  We have seen a variety of less than desirable post-surgical outcomes including  uneven breast size, irregular placement of implants, misplaced areola, development of severe and oftentimes painful scarring around the edges of the breast, nerve and facial numbness and palsy, eyes that are of different sizes, an eye which doesn't blink in synchronization or at all, and lips and chins that are too large or too small or that don't function normally.  Some of the problems we have seen are very serious and the agony and suffering arising from failed surgeries and bad outcomes is extraordinary.
      
There are significant difficulties presented by plastic surgery malpractice claims.  The first hurdle is overcoming the informed consent given by the patient before the surgery was performed.  While typically written, some informed consent is verbally obtained.  In those cases where informed consent is obtained in writing, the consent form typically describes a plethora of complications that may occur even with the best of care, including death and "failure to achieve the desired result."  The latter proviso is a catchall "complication" that can be interpreted or misinterpreted to include almost anything untoward that might go wrong with the surgery, including the fact that the patient just doesn't like how it looks.   And of course there's the argument that if the patient was willing to risk death as a possible complication, they should not be heard to complain of any complication falling short of death.  The latter argument is rather ridiculous although it is used with some frequency albeit unsuccessfully.
 
 The second problem arises when the person making claim has undergone multiple plastic surgeries in the past.  Some people have an insatiable appetite for beauty, which proverbially,  is in the eyes of the beholder.  In some cases, a person complains about a feature they feel is clearly noticeable and unattractive while others may not even recognize the feature or may find it adds to the person's character and thus to their attractiveness. 
 
Indeed, some people suffer from self-perception disorders and are never satisfied with the way they look even after extraordinary effort is undertaken to improve their appearance.  When a person has undergone multiple aesthetic plastic surgeries, they will be portrayed by defense counsel as someone with self-esteem problems and who demands perfection under circumstances where perfection is undefined and cannot be guaranteed.  Thus, their "desired result cannot be achieved."  This defense tactic is very effective, particularly in front of a cynical jury who may already be of the opinion that if "one messes with what mother nature giveth, one deserves all that cometh."
 
When evaluating any plastic surgery malpractice claim, we consider the following issues, none of which on there own is typically compelling but which afford insight as to the likelihood that the person's claim will succeed through litigation:
 
The content of any informed consent form and the extent of the informed consent;
The severity of the complication and whether it is a notorious risk of the procedure;
The patient's past history of prior cosmetic surgeries/procedures;
The patient's mental health history and history of obsessive/compulsive disorders;
The patient's ability to provide a thorough and accurate medical history;
The patient's employment in the medical profession or a related field;
The patient's desire to undergo additional corrective surgeries to the affected area;
The patient's general perception of themselves, their physicians and other professionals;
The patient's secondary gain motives to bring legal actions;
The patient's compliance with reasonable medical advice and directives;
The extent to which the patient has received diametrically conflicting medical opinions;
The extent to which the patient has seen a large number of medical providers in the same field;
The extent to which the patient suffers from managed or unmanaged pain syndromes;
The extent to which the patient has a longstanding history of taking narcotic pain medications;
The extent to which a patient has a history of drug or alcohol abuse;
The extent to which family members have become involved in medical/legal decision-making;
The patient's employment and the past, presented and anticipated future economic losses;
The patient's past, present and anticipated future noneconomic loss.
 
Plastic surgery malpractice is occurring at an increasing rate but malpractice cases remain difficult to handle.  Patients are encouraged to ask questions before and after the procedure and to take notes of all encounters with doctors.  Photographs should be taken by the patient before and after the procedure with focus on the problem.  Patients should abstain from accusing the surgeon of any wrongdoing and should stay calm and collected until they have a full understanding and can make reasonably informed and rational decisions about additional treatment and/or need for legal consultation.  Patients should not rush to have additional "corrective" surgeries and should understand that additional surgeries can make cosmetic problems worse and not better.  Patients should educate themselves on all risks of the contemplated procedures before they have them, and should pay particular attention to the concepts of "scar tissue formation," "wound dehiscence" and infection, as these are the most troubling and frequently seen problems our prospective clients have encountered.
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The New York Times reported on January 6th the results of a study undertaken by the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that reveals that hospital employees report only one in seven events that harm patients. The new report issued on Friday was issued in connection with a study on whether hospitals are complying with the Medicare requirement that hospitals "'track medical errors and adverse patient events, analyze their causes' and improve care."  Adverse events are defined broadly to include "medication errors, severe bedsores, infections that patients acquire in hospitals, delirium resulting from overuse of painkillers and excessive bleeding linked to improper use of blood thinners."

Republican presidential candidate, Rick Santorum's wife Karen Santorum won a medical malpractice lawsuit in Virginia against a chiropractor who negligently performed a lumbar manipulation on her which caused several lumbar discs to herniate.  She required emergent surgery to her back as a result.  The jury awarded $350,000 to Mrs. Santorum for her medical expenses and pain and suffering loses. The case was well handled by the Virginia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania attorneys who represented the plaintiffs in a particularly difficult negligence claim. This writer has first-hand experience with "manipulation malpractice" cases and was successful in one of the only other cases in the United States against an osteopath for an unwarranted and unnecessary cervical manipulation and knows first hand how difficult these cases can be.  Read the facts of our case here.

New York City continues to strive toward a more expeditious, economical and fair way to resolve medical malpractice claims. The Washington Post reported yesterday that the New York pilot program to assign one judge to oversee an entire case from filing to trial is being expanded. 200 cases are now working their way through a process known as "judge-directed" negotiation, which allows sufficient oversight and guidance from a judge knowledgeable in medicine to assist the parties with pretrial events and possible settlement. It's goal is to keep costs down and to prevent a variety of judges, some inexperienced, from ruling on motions and otherwise interfering with a smooth and orderly end to malpractice litigation.

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Today's Baltimore Sun  has an interesting article about the liberal shift in the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals since President Barack Obama took office. The Sun story chronicles a variety of decisions issued by the court, which was once known as the most conservative circuit court in the nation. The United States is divided into thirteen circuits (11 regional and the D.C. and Federal Circuits). The Fourth Circuit is one of the most important circuits in the nation and includes Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. As a byproduct of its regional jurisdiction, the court also hears national intelligence matters involving the Pentagon, the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency.

As reported in the Baltimore Sun last week, a Maryland cardiologist convicted criminally of implanting cardiac stents in his patients was sentenced to eight years in federal prison by United States District Court Judge William D. Quarles, Jr. Dr. John McLean was also convicted of falsifying patient records in connection with needless stents placed in patients while hospitalized at Peninsula Regional Medical Center in Salisbury, Maryland. The conviction comes in the midst of a massive investigation and hundreds of civil claims now pending against Mark G. Midei, M.D. and St. Joseph's Medical Center for alleged improper stenting of approximately 600 patients.

Our firm is investigating claims on behalf of a handful of patients. All but one received a letter from the hospital advising that an "independent" review of their medical chart and films revealed a discrepancy between the amount of occlusion reported by Dr. Midei and the amount found upon subsequent review. Th letters essentially suggested that the stentings, according to their own second look, were unnecessary. Anecdotally, one of our clients heard the news that the hospital was sending letters to past patients, but he did not receive a during the first "round."  His letter did not arrive until he requested an independent review of his chart many months after the "first wave" of letters were sent.

We are therefore encouraging any patient who underwent cardiac stenting at St Joseph to get their chart and films. You may request that the hospital re-review your films. You should retain your films and provide a copy to your cardiologist. No matter what the outcome, you should consult with attorneys to ensure against the possibility that you or your loved one was a recipient of an unnecessary medical procedure and medical device implantation.

The legal and medical implications of undergoing an unnecessary cardiac surgery are staggering. In addition to the serious health issues arising from the stenting and permanent placement of stents, the legal issues may involve negligence, battery, fraud, negligent supervision and oversight, conspiracy and other very serious legal violations.   

Our firm has no intention of amassing cases and provides this information as a service to our readers. Choice of an attorney is a personal decision that should involve recommendations and review of the lawyer's credentials, length of practice, case-specific results, the size of the attorney's practice, and that lawyer's reputation in the community of his or her peers.

Medical negligence cases involving massive numbers of claimants take many years to resolve, so your need to work with and communicate with your attorney is of utmost importance. Should you wish to speak with our firm about a legal need, please contact Alan J. Belsky, managing member and chairman of the firm's medical negligence practice at (410) 234-0100 or at ajbelsky@bwhlaw.com. Please read about our firm at www.legalteam.net for more information about Belsky, Weinberg & Horowitz, LLC.

Maryland's Appellate Courts issued fourteen reported appellate decisions today, several of which are important first impression opinions on a variety of issues including medical malpractice, professional conduct, and criminal law. Click here to read the opinions issued today.

The Cato Institute, one of the Nation's most conservative think tanks, issued a policy paper on October 20th that raises significant questions and concerns over damage caps on malpractice claims. In a paper entitled Could Mandatory Caps on Medical Malpractice Damages Harm the Consumer?, Shirley Svorny, Professor of Economics at California State University, Northridge, undertakes a detailed and highly critical analysis of the arguments asserted by insurers and physicians that damage caps will make health care more affordable. The Executive Summary of the 27 page report is quoted below and offers a glimpse of Professor Svorny's very detailed and thorough analysis:

Supporters of capping court awards for medical malpractice argue that caps will make health care more affordable. It may not be that simple. First, caps on awards may result in some patients not receiving adequate compensation for injuries they suffer as a result of physician negligence. Second, because caps limit physician liability, they can also mute incentives for physicians to reduce the risk of negligent injuries. Supporters of caps counter that this deterrent function of medical malpractice liability is not working anyway--that awards do not track actual damages, and medical malpractice insurance carriers do not translate the threat of liability into incentives that reward high quality care or penalize errant physicians.

This paper reviews an existing body of work that shows that medical malpractice awards do track actual damages. Furthermore, this paper provides evidence that medical malpractice insurance carriers use various tools to reduce the risk of patient injury, including experience rating of physicians' malpractice premiums. High risk physicians face higher malpractice insurance premiums than their less risky peers.  In addition, carriers offer other incentives for physicians to reduce the risk of negligent care: they disseminate information to guide risk management efforts, oversee high_risk practitioners, and monitor providers who offer new procedures where experience is not sufficient to assess risk. On rare occasions, carriers will even deny coverage, which cuts the physician off from an affiliation with most hospitals and health maintenance organizations, and precludes practice entirely in some states.

If the medical malpractice liability insurance industry does indeed protect consumers, then policies that reduce liability or shield physicians from oversight by carriers may harm consumers. In particular, caps on damages would reduce physicians' and carriers' incentives to keep track of and reduce practice risk. Laws that shield government_employed physicians from malpractice liability eliminate insurance company oversight of physicians working for government agencies. State run insurance pools that insure risky practitioners at subsidized prices protect substandard physicians from the discipline that medical malpractice insurers otherwise would imposeOver the course of the next week, we will review in detail Professor Svorny's analysis of this extremely important issue that impacts negatively on the victims of medical malpractice and has resulted in haphazard legislation across the United States that unfairly and unnecessarily limits tort recoveries for deserving patients and their families.

It was recently announced that the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the University of Baltimore School of Law will open a new center, located on both campuses, to focus on a variety of health law topics, including: access to health care, patient safety, medical malpractice, health insurance, disaster medicine and tort reform. The goal of the center is to educate lawyers on health related issues and to educate physicians to better understand court decisions and legal changes in the health care forum.

The co-directors of the center, Frederick Levy and Gregory Dolin, both hold joint law and medical degrees. This center is thought to be the first in the country, and will eventually produce classroom instruction, a peer-reviewed journal, position papers and symposiums that will educate future lawyers and doctors on issues they will face as they practice in their respective fields.

If you or a loved one has been the victim of medical malpractice, contact the attorneys at Belsky, Weinberg & Horowitz via email or at 410-234-0100 for a free consultation.  We will work to protect your rights.

 

There are now four competing federal court decisions on the constitutionality of the so-called "Obama" healthcare legislation. The Supreme Court usually grants certiorari on issues that cannot be reconciled amongst the federal circuits. And while the decisions thus far have come from federal trial courts which hold no precedential value, it is quite clear there are significant constitutional questions raised by Obamacare that inevitably will have to be resolved by the Supreme Court.

Hopefully, the case will not be decided on political grounds as was seen in Bush v. Gore, but these days, one never knows. The justices and most economists and think tanks know the fundamental principals of the legislation will save the country billions of dollars and afford many more Americans the health care they need. Whether the economic and social impact of the law is enough for the strict constructionist majority of the Court is a question that may hinge on just one Justice's opinion-that of Justice Anthony Kennedy.

The federal district court opinions cover the gamut of analyses and outcomes. Some have deemed certain portions of the law unconstitutional but have deemed the legislation in its entirety constitutional. Others have deemed the legislation constitutional. For example, in Virginia, Judge Henry Hudson (appointed by George W. Bush) ruled that the provision requiring individuals purchase health insurance was unconstitutional, and that the penalty sought to be imposed on citizens who do not comply with this provision is not a "tax.  Thus, Congress, he concluded, exceeded it powers by imposing the penalty. Judge Hudson did not, however, strike down the entire law but declared unconstitutional only the individual mandate provision. Virginia is appealing that decision, arguing the entire law must be deemed void. Contrast this to the recent decision of Florida Judge Roger Vinson (appointed by Ronald Regan), who agreed that the individual mandates are unconstitutional as a violation of the Commerce Clause, but then ruled that the entire health care law was unconstitutional, saying this portion is not severable and  "the entire act must be declared void." Ohio federal Judge David Dowd  (also appointed by Ronald Regan) held that the law does not violate freedom of association, due process or privacy protections, but is still considering whether the law exceeds the authority granted by the Commerce Clause.

Other courts have viewed the constitutional issues and the standing of certain interests groups to challenge the law in different ways. Currently at least two dozen lawsuits, involving 26 states, have been filed. An article in Reuters summarizes the decisions and actions of the various district courts, and can be found by clicking on the link above

The conflicting opinions and the many more that will come will certainly catapult the legislation into the hands of the nine justices of the Supreme Court. Now, we will see which justices are aligned purely with political matters of the government versus the people and which will side with the public good that comes with such a bold program that most economists and economic advisors have opined is much overdue. It has taken more than 75 years to accomplish what many have hoped and prayed would occur. Now, the law will be at the mercy of nine rather than the combined presence of Congress and the people represented.

Indeed, the governmental need should ordinarily not trump the public need, but in many instances in past jurisprudence, the social need has trumped the need to restrain overzealous governmental regulation. Our health care system is broken. Costs are unwieldy and a comparison to other countries and nations reveals that our system of health care requires reform. A simple look at prescription costs and survival statistics leaves no question that we have much to learn and much to lose should the experiences of other nations not be incorporated into our current system of high cost low impact health care in this country.

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